Subjects whose works are protected by copyright

Specifically, in Article 13 of the 2005 Law on Intellectual Property (amended and supplemented in 2009 and 2019), authors and copyright owners whose works are protected by copyright are stipulated as follows:

(1) Organizations and individuals whose works are protected by copyright include the person who directly creates the work and the copyright owner as prescribed in Articles 37 to 42 of the 2005 Law on Intellectual Property (amended and supplemented in 2009 and 2019), specifically:

- The copyright owner is the author.

- Copyright owners are co-authors

- The copyright owner is the organization or individual that assigns tasks to the author or enters into a contract with the author.

- The copyright owner is the heir.

- The copyright owner is the person to whom the copyright is transferred.

- The copyright owner is the State.

(2) Authors and copyright owners specified in (1) include:

- Vietnamese organizations and individuals;

- Foreign organizations and individuals whose works are first published in Vietnam but have not been published in any other country or are simultaneously published in Vietnam within thirty days from the date the work is first published in another country;

- Foreign organizations and individuals whose works are protected in Vietnam under international copyright treaties of which the Socialist Republic of Vietnam is a member.