Manage and use resources reasonably and sustainably

Vietnam has a medium-sized natural area, ranked 59th out of 200 countries and territories, but has a large population (ranked 13th), so the average natural land area per capita is very low (0 38ha), only 1/5 of the world average (1.96ha).

Vietnam has mineral resources that are relatively diverse in types; Some types of minerals have large reserves and potential that can be developed into industries such as oil and gas, bauxite, titanium, coal, rare earths...; Large renewable energy potential, especially wind, solar, geothermal, biomass, hydropower...

Vietnam's total annual average surface water volume is about 830 billion m3, underground water potential is about 63 billion m3/year; Over 60% of surface water sources originate from abroad. Vietnam's waters are rich in aquatic resources, with about 11,000 species of creatures residing in more than 20 typical ecosystems discovered.

To manage its abundant and diverse natural resources and minerals, the Party and State of Vietnam have early built as well as gradually innovated and perfected the system of policies, laws, and organizational apparatus for management. resource management; Investment in basic investigation receives more attention. Many programs and projects on basic resource surveys have been carried out, especially mineral geological surveys.

However, besides the achieved results, resource management also has some limitations. That is, resource management has not been given due attention; There are some areas where awareness about resource exploitation and use is not correct, especially about the relationship between immediate and long-term benefits. Policies and laws on natural resource management are still inadequate, inconsistent, lacking rigor and not close to reality. Resources have not been fully investigated and evaluated for potential and value; have not been exploited, used properly, effectively and sustainably; some types are over-exploited and therefore degraded and depleted.

Based on the actual situation of resource management over the past time as well as forecasts of the upcoming situation, the Party has set general goals as well as specific goals until 2020.

Accordingly, in terms of overall goal, by 2020, Vietnam will have a fundamental change in exploiting and using resources in a reasonable, effective and sustainable direction.

By 2050, Vietnam will become a country that exploits and uses resources reasonably, effectively and sustainably.

Regarding specific goals, by 2020, evaluate the potential and value of important resources on land; achieved important progress in basic investigation of marine resources. Use national resources economically, effectively and sustainably; ensure balance of land fund for socio-economic development and protect 3.8 million hectares of rice-growing land; Improve water use efficiency per unit of GDP; Effective and sustainable exploitation of ecology, landscape, and biological resources. Transform the energy use structure towards increasing the proportion of renewable energy and new energy to over 5.6% of total primary commercial energy; Reduce energy consumption per unit of GDP.

Based on general goals as well as specific goals, the Party determines specific tasks for resource management. That is, Investigate and evaluate the potential, reserves and economic value of national resources.

Specifically, focus on implementing programs and projects on basic investigation of natural resources, especially basic investigation of mineral resources, water resources, and marine resources; Focus on basic geological investigation of deep-sea minerals and development of new minerals. Strengthen basic investigation and assessment of land resource quality and potential; land degradation and pollution and build a unified and synchronized database system according to each type of land associated with the purpose of use.

Promote basic mineral geological surveys on land and undersea; Early assess the resource potential of strategic minerals and new minerals; exploration of some important strategic minerals; Review and assess the impact of climate change on coastal mines; Establish a national database on mineral geology. Accelerate the progress of building and publishing water resources maps, with priority given to the Mekong Delta, Red River Delta, Central Highlands, key economic regions, and water-scarce areas. Other. Focus on promoting investigation, exploration, and discovery of new minerals in deep sea areas to serve national development. Step by step calculate resource value in product cost.

Reasonable exploitation, effective and sustainable use of national resources.

Classification, strategic planning, protection planning, reasonable exploitation, effective and sustainable use of important strategic resources. Develop and implement strategies to protect, exploit, and appropriately use land, mineral, water, forest, aquatic resources, and renewable energy resources. Improve the quality of resource planning, taking into account the impacts of climate change. Develop and implement transparent management and monitoring mechanisms for the use of national resources, ensuring reasonable, effective and sustainable use. Participate in the Mineral Exploitation Transparency Initiative (EITI).

Combining important strategic mineral reserves with promoting rational and efficient exploitation of mineral resources; orientation to import a number of strategic minerals to meet long-term economic development; Increase processing, no export of raw minerals.
Early prevent and stop illegal mineral exploitation and export. Restructuring the mineral industry associated with deep processing, to meet domestic demand, limit the export of minerals in the form of raw materials and effectively use minerals after mining. Develop inter-reservoir operating procedures across 11 river basins. Strengthening mechanisms to regulate and regulate water sources contributes to limiting regional and seasonal water shortages. Develop and implement plans and solutions to ensure low flows in the dry season in river basins and water source security. Establish corridors to protect important water sources.

Research on creating artificial rain and exploiting fresh water from the sea to serve the daily life of people, military soldiers, and fishermen on the sea and islands.

Carry out renovation and restoration of polluted and depleted rivers and river sections. Cooperate with countries in the region, monitor and supervise water exploitation and use activities upstream of the Red River and Mekong River, early forecast problems related to national water resources to proactively respond and handle them. promptly.

Protect and prevent desertification, desertification, saltwater intrusion, soil erosion... and gradually ensure land area for forest development according to planning, especially in the Northwest, North Central and Western mountainous areas. Original.

Promote the development and use of new energy, renewable energy, raw materials, fuels, and new materials to replace traditional resources.

Research to exploit and promote ecological values, landscapes, and genetic resources to serve socio-economic development, especially eco-tourism and agricultural development.

Promote and support investment abroad to explore and exploit resources to serve the needs of domestic industries.

Plan strategies for searching, exploring, and exploiting new, external resources. Develop and implement mineral and science and technology strategies to search for new minerals. Promote and support Vietnamese mineral exploitation and processing corporations to cooperate and invest abroad, and establish a strategic mineral partner network to serve the country's industrialization and modernization requirements. .

Research and produce new types of raw materials, fuels, and materials that can replace traditional resources.

Research and apply new technology, nanotechnology... to produce new raw materials, fuels and materials that can replace traditional minerals and materials. Promote the use of recycled waste as input materials for industrial production.

Promoting natural landscape values ​​and genetic resource ecosystem services.

Research to exploit and promote ecological values, landscapes, and genetic resources to serve socio-economic development, especially eco-tourism and agricultural development./.