Who owns the land? What rights do citizens have over land under the law?

1. Who owns the land?

Land ownership is stipulated in Article 12 of the 2024 Land Law as follows:

Land ownership

Land is owned by the entire people and is represented and uniformly managed by the State. The State grants land use rights to land users according to the provisions of this Law.

Accordingly, land is owned by the entire people and is represented by the State as the owner and uniformly managed.

The State grants land use rights to land users according to the provisions of the 2024 Land Law.

2. What rights do citizens have over land?

Citizens' rights to land are stipulated in Article 23 of the 2024 Land Law as follows:

(1) Participate in the development, comment and supervision of the completion and implementation of land policies and laws.

(2) Participate in state management, contribute ideas, discuss and make recommendations and reflections to state agencies on land management and use.

(3) Right to equality, gender equality in land management and use.

(4) Participate in auctions of land use rights, bidding to select investors to implement projects using land according to the provisions of law; request the State to allocate land, lease land without auctioning land use rights, without bidding to select investors to implement projects using land according to the provisions of law.

(5) Receiving transfers, receiving gifts, receiving inheritances, receiving capital contributions, leasing land use rights; buying, selling, receiving transfers of shares, capital contributions of land use rights value according to the provisions of law.

(6) Exercise the rights of land users according to the provisions of the 2024 Land Law.

Note:

Citizens' right to access land information is stipulated in Article 24 of the 2024 Land Law as follows:

- Citizens have access to the following land information:

+ Land use planning, plans, and plans related to land use have been decided and approved by competent state agencies;

+ Results of land statistics and inventory;

+ Land allocation, land lease;

+ Land price list has been announced;

+ Compensation, support and resettlement plan when the State reclaims land has been approved by competent authorities;

+ Results of inspection, examination, and settlement of land disputes; results of settlement of complaints and denunciations about land, results of handling of violations of land laws;

+ Administrative procedures on land;

+ Legal documents on land;

+ Other land information as prescribed by law.

- Access to land information is implemented in accordance with the provisions of this Law, the law on access to information and other relevant legal provisions.

Citizens' obligations towards citizens' land are stipulated in Article 25 of the 2024 Land Law as follows:

- Comply with the provisions of the law on land.

- Preserve, protect and develop land resources.

- Respect the land use rights of other land users.